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A 1927 replica of Tom Thumb, the first American-built steam locomotiveType and originPower typeSteamBuilderBuild date1830SpecificationsConfiguration:.Length13 ft 2 3⁄ 4 in (4.03 m)Height12 ft 9 in (3.89 m)Fuel typeBoiler27 in × 66 in (690 mm × 1,680 mm)× high5 in × 27 in (127 mm × 686 mm)×Performance figuresPower output1.4 (1.0 kW)CareerOperatorsTom Thumb was the first American-built to operate on a. It was designed and constructed by in 1830 to convince owners of the newly formed (B&O) (now ) to use steam engines; it was not intended to enter revenue service.
It is especially remembered as a participant in an impromptu race with a horse-drawn car, which the horse won after Tom Thumb suffered a mechanical failure. However, the demonstration was successful, and the railroad committed to the use of steam locomotion and held trials in the following year for a working engine.: 11. Contents.Background The first railroads were little more than tracks on roads; horses pulled wagons and carriages with their wheels modified to ride on the rails. Trains could not be moved by steam power until the could be mounted on wheels. The first steam locomotives were built in England, the birthplace of steam power, and the first locomotives in America were imported from England.
Soon, however, Americans began to plan their own locomotives. Design and construction Tom Thumb was designed by as a four-wheel locomotive with a vertical and vertically mounted that drove the wheels on one of the axles. The 'design' was characterized by a host of improvisations. The boiler tubes were made from rifle barrels: 11 and a blower was mounted in the stack, driven by a belt to the powered axle.: 12 The engine was fueled by.Cooper's interest in the railroad was by way of substantial real estate investment in what is now the neighborhood of. Success for the railroad was expected to increase the value of his holdings.: 11Construction was carried out in the machine shop of George W. Johnson, where the 18-year-old was apprenticed. Millholland would later become a prominent locomotive designer in his own right.Demonstration.
1831 drawing of a locomotive (likely the Tom Thumb) in Baltimore.Testing was performed on the company's year old first main line going southwest between Baltimore and Ellicott Mills (now ) which sits along the upper branch of the Valley which feeds the lower Patapsco which is the 'Basin' (now called the ) and the which flows southeast to the nearby. Two tracks had been constructed, which led the owners of Stockton and Company, a local stagecoach passenger and freight service to challenge the revolutionary new locomotive to a race, and on August 28, 1830, the famous legendary race was held (but sources differ slightly on the date with variations including August 25 and September 28 ). The challenge accepted, Tom Thumb was easily able to pull away from the horse until the belt slipped off the blower pulley. Without the blower, the boiler did not draw adequately and the locomotive lost power, allowing the horse to pass and win the race. Nonetheless, it was realized that the locomotive offered superior performance.
Aftermath. Tom Thumb replica alongside B&O #51, 1937. Both locomotives are on display at the in Baltimore.Because Tom Thumb was not intended for revenue service, the locomotive was not preserved. Cooper and others associated with the railroad's early days left detailed descriptions, though, which enabled the general dimensions and appearance to be worked out. In 1892, a wooden model was constructed by, a western newspaperman and publicist, who also had models made of many other early locomotives.
In 1927 the B&O hosted a centennial exhibition near Baltimore, titled ', and had a replica constructed for the exhibition. This replica followed Pangborn's model and therefore differed considerably from the original, being somewhat larger and heavier, and considerably taller (note that the dimensions given above are those of the replica). Also, instead of the blower in the stack, a much larger blower was mounted on the platform to provide a forced draft, and the support frame of the cylinder and guides was considerably different. The replica remains on display at the. The museum lists the replica as 'operational', and the locomotive makes special appearances each year.
See also. ^ Sagle, Lawrence (1964). B&O Power: Steam, Diesel and Electric Power of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1829-1964.
Medina, OH: Alvin F. Staufer.
Hamilton Ellis (1968). The Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways. The Hamlyn Publishing Group. Pp. 24–30. 'First locomotive built in America'. Simmons-Boardman Publishing: 58.
September 2006. ^ Stover, John F. History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. Pp. 35–36. White, John H. A history of the American locomotive; its development: 1830–1880.
New York, NY: Dover Publications. The Manufacturer and Builder. February 1872. Retrieved September 18, 2015. ^ Dudley, P.H.
(February 1, 1886). Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences: 142. Retrieved September 18, 2015. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved May 20, 2011. Reizenstein, Milton (1897).
Shift exchange template. The Importance of Employee Shift Change Forms. Forms such as Employee Tracking Forms, Employee Application Forms, and Employment Forms show what sort of work schedule a certain employee has obtained. If an employee knows about his work schedule, he can decide whether or not the schedule is to his preference.
'II - Beginning of Construction, Baltimore to Harper's Ferry(1828-1834)'. In Adams, Herbert B. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Retrieved September 18, 2015. Hughes, Thomas (1886). 'VII - The 'Tom Thumb '.
London: MacMillan and Co. Retrieved September 18, 2015. ^ Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Museum, Baltimore, MD. Accessed 2013-04-18. Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, MD (2000). Accessed 2013-04-18. B&O Railroad Museum.
Accessed 2013-04-18.